夜阑卧听风吹雨——皇家海军的末代巨兽：狮级战列舰1945 资料整理

文：橙子的舰船俱乐部

到了战争末期，随着武藏号与大和号这两艘巨兽相继战沉，航空母舰终于证明了其有能力独立击沉舰队掩护下的新锐舰。海上霸权的天平毫无争议地转移到了舰载航空力量更强大的一方。那么，这一时代背景下的战列舰们又当何去何从呢？

‬全文共计12046字，配图23幅

在本系列文章中，我们将借助狮44与狮45的改进与设计研发思路探讨皇家海军对上述问题给出的答案。

处在‬时代的交叉口

无可争议的是，航空母舰在此时已经取代了战列舰的主力地位。但这是否意味着战列舰这一以重型火炮为主要武器的大型装甲战舰应当立即被扫入历史的尘埃中呢？答案是否定的。战列舰时代的结束并不等于战列舰的消亡，其仅仅代表这个舰种失去了主力舰的光环。事实上，航空母舰直到战后也只拥有了一定程度的全天候作战能力。在舰载机难以运作的环境中，战列舰依旧是舰队中强大的打击力量。且要想击沉一艘在完备舰队掩护下的新锐舰同样是异常困难的，其生存能力并不像通常认知中的那样不堪。绝大多数新锐舰在战争结束后的数年里依旧处于战备状态，即便在转入预备舰队或封存后，这些舰艇在一段时期内也是战争中会随时启用的强大兵器。而直到赫鲁晓夫上台并伴随着导弹技术在这一时期的蓬勃发展，北约的主要竞争对手苏联显然不会继续建造以火炮为主要武器的大型水面舰艇。曾经称霸海洋的战列舰终于失去了其存在的最后价值，在一片暗淡中退出了历史的舞台。

末代战列舰前卫号

‬末代战列舰们

在明确了战列舰尚未完全失去价值后，接下来的问题便是如何设计一艘适应时代变迁的新式战列舰。通过英法美苏等国战后提出的新式战列舰方案及现有战列舰的现代化改造延寿方案，我们便有可能一步步勾勒出这种新式战列舰的大致思路。笔者将以英国末代战列舰设计为主，其他国家的种种战后方案为辅，在这段时间里与读者共同完成这一繁复浩大的工程。而其中最为关键的一步自然是资料整理。本篇中使用到的资料均源自用户@4y发布在Imgur平台上的照片。由于资料中包含大量机器难以识别的40年代印刷体字母以及抽象至极的英文连笔字，笔者不得不逐字手动将资料内容导为其他格式。其中难免有部分疏漏，望读者见谅并指正。由于此项工程耗费了大量时间精力，而本人已经拖更数月有余。为了保障更新频率，笔者仅将资料内容机翻后进行简单修正，尽量做到保留原意的同时语句通顺。

狮45线图

‬资料整理

狮44 / page23

I stated that before D.N.C. could make a more reliable estimate of displacement，it would be necessary to decide the standard of protection required for the new ship. The rough estimates we have made included 6‘’ and 5‘’ deck armour and 15‘’ and 14‘’ side armour. A.C.N.S. was of the option that a considerable saving in armour weight could be achieved，particularly with regard to side armour. D.F.S.I. agreed. A.C.N.S. was also against increasing the thickness of deck armour to improve defence against bomb attack as it was only necessary for the bombers to operate from greater heights to defeat the armour，or alternatively rocket bombs could be used. The deck armour should however keep out shell at fighting ranges.

我说，在D.N.C.对排水量作出更可靠的估计之前，有必要决定新船所需的防护标准。我们所做的粗略估计包括6英寸和5英寸的甲板装甲和15英寸和14英寸的侧装甲。A.C.N.S.的选择是可以在装甲重量上取得相当大的节省，特别是在侧舷‬装甲方面。D.F.S.I.同意了。A.C.N.S.也反对增加甲板装甲的厚度以提高对炸弹攻击的防御能力，因为轰炸机只要从更高的高度作战就能击穿‬甲板装甲，或者也可以使用火箭炸弹。甲板装甲应该在战斗范围内挡住炮弹。

It was decided that D.N.C. should inform A.C.N.S. as soon as possible of the attacks against which the above thicknesses of armour are proof and he would let us know the reduced attacks he considered acceptable.

我们决定，D.N.C.应尽快将上述装甲厚度足以抵御的攻击通知A.N.D.S.，并将他认为可以接受的防护削减‬告知我们。

D.F.S.L. decided that the next step in the investigation would be for D.N.C. to prepare estimates of displacement and dimensions to meet the above reduction in endurance and protections and for two speeds，namely 25 and 28 knots deep condition，dirty bottom，in the tropies in bad weather. The corresponding speeds under trial conditions，deep displacement should be given. D.F.S.L. stated that he would inform the controller accordingly.

D.F.S.L.决定，调查的下一步将是让D.N.C.准备估算‬两套‬排水量和尺寸，满足上述自持力‬‬和防护‬能力削减的‬同时‬‬，并‬在‬恶劣天气，满载‬和‬船底‬不清洁‬时‬，航速‬分别‬达到‬25和‬‬28节‬。应给出相应的试航‬转速和‬满载排水量‬。D.F.S.L.说他会通知控制员的。

右侧表格内容不作翻译

狮45A系列方案与其他战列舰对比

表格内容不作翻译

狮45B系列方案

The following particulars are common to all these designs

Main armament：16 inch triple turrets. 120 RDS. pur gun for first two turrets. 100 RDS. pur gun for the third turret. 78‘’shell；flashless cordite.

Secondary armament：12 IN N twin 4.5 inch H.A/L.A mountings；4 IN N MK37 directors；8 IN N M.R.S. directors；400 RDS pur gun.

Close range armament：10 IN N 6 barrel bofors with C.R.B.F. directors. 4 IN N twin self-contained bofors. bofors ammunition-1800 RDS. per battery.

No aircraft or torpedoes

Armour protection：6‘’ deck over magazine；4‘’ deck over machinery；lower deck ford. and aft. - 5‘’ to 2‘’；barbettes 13‘’ to 11‘’ protection against “uncle tom” transv. bkds. strengthened against underwater damage；splinter protection to side forward and aft.

Speed：29 kts deep and clean.

Endurance：6000 miles at 20 kts；6 months out of dock in tropics.

以下是所有这些设计的共同特点

主要武器：3座三联装16英寸主炮塔，配备无焰发射药

次要武器：12座双联装4.5英寸高平两用副炮，4座MK37指挥仪，8座M.R.S.指挥仪

近距离武器：10座六联装40毫米博福斯高射炮配备C.R.B.F.指挥仪，4座双联装40毫米STAAG博福斯高射炮

没有航空设施和鱼雷

装甲防护：弹药舱上方6英寸甲板，机械上方4英寸甲板，下甲板船头船尾5英寸到2英寸，13英寸到11英寸的炮座以防止被“汤姆叔叔”（火箭弹）攻击变形，加强舱壁以抵御水下破坏，侧面和前后有防破片装甲

速度:29节（满载且船底干净）

续航能力:20节/6000英里，6个月在热带地区不入坞

表格内容及次要信息不作翻译

45狮 / Process of work on new design / page29

统一见下一张

同上一张

The first design which showed promise of sufficient weight to meet the scale of protection laid down by A.C.N.S. in his reference sheet of 7/12/44，is shown in Colume A on the attached Legend Form. Dimensions 1000‘ on W.L. x120’ x35‘ x70000tons deep.

第一项设计显示其重量足以满足A.C.N.S.在其7/12/44的参考表中所规定的尺寸限制‬，载于附录图例表格A栏。尺寸为水线长1000英尺，宽120英尺，吃水35英尺，满载排水量70000吨。

In view of the large size of this ship A，and to explain the large increase in displacement over the Lion design，a check was put on the figures by considering the effect on the Lion design 1938 if the new requirements are incorporate.

考虑到A舰的大尺寸，并解释排水量在狮级‬设计上的大幅增加。如果新的要求被纳入，在‬狮38设计的基础上‬，对数字进行了检查。

Lion 1938——deep displacement 46835tons

Additions to bring 1938 Lion into line with the latest requirements.

New deck——495tons

Holding bulkhead（Plating，stiffeners etc. ，ex armour）——700tons

Additional auxiliary machinery——100tons

O.F.（Additional required to meet the specified endurance）——1650tons

Protection

End Bulkheads to citadel——80tons

Holding bulkhead——950tons

Protective bulkhead（increased height）——275tons

barbette armour——645tons

board margin

2% of standard——912tons

increase of armament weight——790tons

狮38——满载‬排水量46835吨

使狮38符合最新要求的‬增重‬

新甲板——495吨

耐压舱壁(外层，加强板等，无装甲)——700吨

附加辅助机械——100吨

O.F.(为满足规定的耐久力需要额外增加)——1650吨

保护

从舱壁到装甲盒，80吨

耐压舱壁——950吨

保护舱壁(增加高度)——275吨

炮塔装甲——645吨

板余量

标准的2%——912吨

武器重量增加——790吨

Reductions

Side armour 15‘’ reduced to 13‘’ over machinery——310tons

Deck - 5‘’ reduced to 4‘’ over machinery——400tons

The net increases of weight in 5887 tons due to these items，and by weight equation methods，the increase of displacement is 20900 tons.Therefore，based on Lion 1938，the new design has the following dimensions - 881‘ on W.L. x120‘ x35‘ x67000tons deep.Design C was prepared to investigate the possibility of reducing the length and displacement of design A：- 950‘ on W.L. x120’ x35‘ x67000 tons deep.This showed that a satisfactory solution was feasible provided the estimate of all fuel was reasonably correct.Design D was an attempt to reduce length and displacement still further to：- 925‘ on W.L. x120‘ x35.6’ x66000 tons deep. This design shows a small deficiency in the weight available for armour. A more detailed investigation of this design would be necessary to check the disposition of the weights in the various groups. Note：- The oil fuel capacity was calculated for an endurance of 6000 miles at 20 knots when 6 months out of dock in the tropical waters，assuming a consumption of 0.75 lbs/S.H.P./hour，allowing 5% residue.In design C & D，Mr. Paradise was asked to give a check on the oil fuel figures of 7500 tons，and agreed that this was reasonable but thought that E. in C. would probably ask for about 8000 tons to allow for the effect of the Tropical conditions. In this case，the design A. B. C. and D. will show excess of weight over displacement up to 500 tons，indicating that the deep displacements given are on the low side.It is considered that the citadel length taken the minimum possible and the detailed drawing work is needed to determine whether it needs to be increased. （Summary of calculations on legend attached.）

减少

侧装甲15英寸减为13英寸机械，310吨

甲板- 5英寸减为4英寸机械- 400吨

由于这些项目，重量净增5887吨，用重量方程法，排水量增加20900吨。因此，在Lion 1938的基础上，新设计具有以下尺寸:水平面881 英尺 x120 英尺‬x35‬‬ 英尺 x67000吨满载‬。设计C是为了研究减小设计A的长度和排水量的可能性，设计A的长度和排水量为- 950 英尺‬，水平线为x120 英尺‬ x35 英尺‬，满载排水量‬为67000吨。这表明，只要对所有燃料的估计都合理正确，一个满意的解决方案是可行的。设计D试图进一步减少长度和排水量:水线- 925 英尺 x120 英尺 x35.6 英尺‬ x66000吨满载‬。这种设计在装甲可用重量上有一点不足。有必要对这个设计进行更详细的调查，以检查不同组的权重分配。注:-油燃料容量计算的是在热带水域离坞6个月时，以20节航速续航6000英里，假设消耗0.75磅/S.H.P./小时，允许5%残留。在设计C和‬D时‬，Paradise被要求对7500吨的石油燃料数字进行核对，并同意这是合理的，但认为E. in C.可能会要求大约8000吨，以考虑到热带条件的影响。在这种情况下，设计a、b、c和d将显示重量超过排水量达500吨，表明所给出的深度排水量偏低。认为城堡的长度尽可能的最小，需要详细的图纸工作，以确定是否需要增加。(附图计算摘要)

狮级战列舰各方案

Note：（a）Design A. C. & D have been worked out without detailed drawing work and the result are approximate only. （b）Design B has been worked out using the weight equation approximation，and the result can only be regarded as indication of order of the increase of displacement to be expected due to the alteration in requirements.

注:(a)设计方案acd没有详细的图纸工作，结果仅为近似。(b)设计方案b是用重量方程近似计算出来的，其结果只能被看作是由于需求改变而预期位移增加的顺序的指示。

表格内容不作翻译

45狮方案X性能数据

具体内容如图，不作翻译

45狮方案X1性能数据

具体内容如图，不作翻译

page51

Admiral Servaes asked what would be the effect of fitting 3 triple 15‘’ turrets instead of 3 triple 16‘’ in design. I said the reduction in displacement may be of the order of 4000 tons but that this was only a rough guess.The Iowa was mentioned again and the story trotted out that that she obtained 33 knots deep on trial. I said I thought this had already been scotched but that I would ask you to bring up the trail results of a ship of the class.There was some discussion about the effect of near miss bombs on design X. Admiral Servaes would like to know whether the protection provided would stand up to （a）2000 lb. bomb at 10‘ from ship’s side，（b）2000 bomb at 20‘ .Discussion was resumed on design X and Admiral Servaes would like to know the approximate size and displacement of what he termed ‘ an improved design X，with the following characteristics：-

Main armament：6 - 16‘’ in twin turrets.

Secondary armament：24 - 4.5‘’

Speed：30 knots deep and clean

Endurance：Side - Against 16‘’ shell at 60° inclination at ranges over 23000. （1‘’ less over machinery spaces）. Deck - 6‘’ over magazines. 4‘’ over machinery spaces.

U.W. protection：Maximum sub- division and statement effect of any side protection provided against near miss bombs. e.g. would a 2000 lb bomb at 10‘ from ship‘s side open up compart inside the thick bulkheads.

Two triple turrets only for the main armament are not liked for fairly obvious reasons，but I made it clear that three twin turrets would increase the size of ship.It was thought desirable that the speed should be increased in case the vessel contacted a more powerfully armed enemy. 32 knots deep and clean was mentioned but I said this would involve a considerable increase in size and eventually 30 knots deep and clean was agreed to.

8. 海军上将Servaes问在设计上安装3个三联装‬15英寸‬炮塔而不是16英寸‬会有什么影响。我说，排水量可能减少4000吨左右，但这只是一个粗略的估计。

9. 爱荷华号又被提到了，它在试验中达到了满载时‬33节的航速‬。我说我认为这已经被证伪‬了，但我将要求你提出一个班的船的跟踪结果。

10. 关于近距离轰炸对x设计的影响有一些讨论。海军上将Servaes想知道所提供的保护是否经得起(a)距离船舷10英尺处2000磅炸弹，(b)距离船舷20英尺处2000磅炸弹的攻击。

11. 关于设计X的讨论重新开始，海军上将Servaes想知道他称之为“改进设计X”的大约尺寸和排水量，它具有以下特点:-

主武器:6 - 16英寸双联装‬炮塔。

二次武器:24 - 4.5”

速度:30节，满载‬和以及‬船底清洁‬

防护‬能力:侧面‬-对16英寸‬炮弹60°航向角‬，23000码‬以外‬免疫‬。(动力舱‬薄1英寸‬)。甲板-弹药舱‬‬上方‬ 6 英寸‬。动力舱‬上方‬4英寸

水下‬防护:针对近距离炸弹提供的任何侧面防护的最大细分和声明效果。例如，一枚2000磅的炸弹在距离船舷10英尺处会打开厚舱壁内的空隙吗?

12. 由于相当明显的原因，仅用于主要武器装备的两个三联装‬炮塔并不受欢迎，但我明确表示，三个双联装‬炮塔会增加船的尺寸。

13. 人们认为应该加快航速，以防遇到更强大的敌人。我提到了32节，满载及‬船底清洁‬，但我说这将涉及到相当大的规模，最终同意30节的满载‬和‬清洁。

/ New Capital Ship Designs / page51

Reference the points raised regarding armour and protection in D.D.N.C.（L）‘s letter dated 25th April 1945.

Could weight be saved by fitting a sloped armour deck to do away with side belt above water line？

A sloped armour deck would be more vulnerable to shell attack，and possibly less vulnerable to bombs（depending on slopes of deck）.

The vertical side above the waterline would be open to attacked by small rockets and shell and by splinters from near misses which would seriously reduce the stability of the ship if damaged in action.

It is not possible to provide the same degree of protection with a sloped armour deck on less weight than with the arrangement proposed.

参考1945年4月25日D.D.N.C.(L)的信中提出的关于装甲和保护的要点。

通过安装倾斜的装甲甲板来取消水线以上的侧带，可以减轻重量吗?

一个倾斜的装甲甲板将更容易受到炮弹的攻击，可能更不容易受到炸弹的攻击(取决于甲板的倾斜)。

水线以上的垂直侧容易受到小型火箭和炮弹以及近距离撞击的碎片的攻击，如果在行动中损坏，将严重降低船的稳定性。

它是不可能提供相同程度的保护与倾斜装甲甲板的重量较轻的安排提议。

Could weight be saved by fitting side armour abreast the magazines only？

The object of armour is to protect the vitals of a ship so that she can remain in action as long as possible，and in the last resort to keep her afloat so that she can be brought back to port for repairs. It is usual to accept a less degree of protection to machinery spaces，because an unlucky hit in a magazine may mean the complete loss of a ship，whereas a hit in a machinery space would mean the loss of one，probably two sets of machinery.

It is considered that it would be an unwise policy to provide no protection to machinery spaces on a capital ship. A ship might be as effectively defeated as the result of a chance hit in a machinery space，as she would be by a hit in a magazine. Scharnhorst was brought to action by a hit which reduced her speed，otherwise she would probably have got away.

只在弹药舱‬旁安装侧装甲能节省重量吗?

装甲的目的是保护船只的关键部件，使其能够尽可能长时间地保持作战状态，并在最后关头使其保持漂浮状态，以便将其带回港口进行维修。通常对动力系统‬的保护程度较低，因为弹药舱‬不幸被击中可能意味着一艘船的全部损失，而在动力舱‬中被击中则意味着一套，可能是两套机械的损失。

有人认为，不为主力舰上的动力舱‬提供保护是不明智的政策。一艘船在动力舱‬中被偶然击中就可能被有效地击溃，就像弹药舱‬被击中一样。沙恩霍斯特被击中后行动了，这降低了她的速度，否则她可能已经逃走了。

Can weight be saved by reducing the length of the magazines？

With the present design of mountings it would not be possible to reduce the lengths of magazine even by one foot - we are working to the closest possible limits. If the magazines were worked on two levels with the shell rooms above，it would probably complicate the supply arrangements and result in a slower rate of fire. This question is principally one for D.N.C.

减少弹药舱‬的长度能减轻重量吗?

以目前的防护‬设计，它将不可能减少弹药舱‬的长度，即使是一英尺-我们正在努力接近可能的极限。如果弹药舱‬是在两层的弹壳室上面，这可能会使供应安排复杂化，导致较慢的射速。这个问题是D.N.C.的主要问题。

狮45与同时期其他战列舰

表格内容不作翻译

/ New Capital Ship / page58

I was present at the meeting in D.N.C.‘s room on the 6th June 1945 between D.N.C. and D.N.O.D.N.O. said that controller had told him that the Sea Lords considered that the new capital ship would be improved by the substitution of 2 in number quadruple 15‘’ turrets，both forward，for the 2 in number triple 16‘’ turrets，also forward，recommended by Admiral Survaes.D.N.O. said that the roller path diameter of the 15‘’ quadruple turret would be 38 ft. and the revolving weight about 1750 tons. For the 16‘’ triple turret the corresponding figures were 35 ft. and 1570 tons. A revolving weight of 1555 tons had been quoted for the 16‘’ triple turret on a previous paper （G.D.0318/45），but D.N.O. said that the 1570 tons was a later estimate.For a two turret ship there would therefore be an increase in turret weight of nearly 400 tons and would be a further increase of about 120 tons for ammunition.D.N.C. said that the increase in the armament weight would probably involve an increase in the standard displacement of the ship of about 2000 tons. A rough shot at the ship recommended by Admiral Survaes gave 45000 tons standard displacement（54000 tons deep）. The new turrets would increase the standard displacement to about 47000 tons and the deep displacement to about 57000 tons. There would be an increase in length to a figure approaching Admiral Survaes‘ limit of 850 ft.D.N.O. said that a delay of 15 to 18 months in the design and constructions of the turrets would be involved if they were changed as proposed. There will also be considerable difficulty in designing the magazine and cordite handing room arrangements，which were already giving trouble in the simpler design for the triple turret.D.N.O. expects to see controller on Friday and D.N.C. authorised D.N.O. to communicate the figures for lengths and displacement to him.

1. 1945年6月6日，我出席了D.N.C.和D.N.O.在D.N.C.会议室举行的会议

2. D.N.O.说，审计长告诉他，海军大臣们认为，新主力舰的改进方案是，用两个数量为四联15英寸的炮塔(都在前方)替换两个数量为三联16英寸的炮塔(也在前方)，这是苏维斯上将建议的。

3.D.N.O.表示，15英寸四柱炮塔的直径为38英尺，旋转重量约为1750吨。对于16英寸的三炮塔，相应的数字是35英尺和1570吨。在之前的一份报告(G.D.0318/45)中，16英寸三炮塔的旋转重量为1555吨，但D.N.O.表示，1570吨是后来的估计。

4. 因此，对于一艘双炮塔舰来说，炮塔重量将增加近400吨，弹药将进一步增加约120吨。

5. D.N.C.说，武器重量的增加可能会使该舰的标准排水量增加约2000吨。根据海军上将surves的建议，粗略射击后得出的标准排水量为45000吨(深度为54000吨)。使用‬新炮塔的标准排水量将增加到约47000吨，满载‬排水量将增加到约57000吨。长度将增加到接近苏维斯上将850英尺的极限。

6. D.N.O.表示，如果按照计划进行更改，塔楼的设计和建造将会推迟15到18个月。在设计弹匣和弹丸传送室时也会有相当大的困难，这在简单的联装‬三炮塔设计中已经给设计带来了麻烦。

7. D.N.O预计将在周五见到controller, D.N.C.授权D.N.O.将长度和排水量‬的数字传达给他。

page58

Controller

Submitted

It is estimated that a delay of 12 months would be caused in the completion of each of the two projected battleships if a decision were given now to prepare the design of a 15‘’ quadruple turret.the estimate which I gave you verbally yesterday of 15-18 months was based on a very rapid survey of the situation，and it has since been discovered that the design of a new 15‘’ gun is further advanced than was expected，so that the particulars required for the mounting would be available earlier than was anticipated. The period of 12 months is the same as that given to Admiral Servaes at the beginning of his enquiry.The earliest dates of three salient features in the completion of the main armament for the first ship are compared below.

Present 16‘’ design / New 15‘’ design

1st turret on the pit / 2nd quarter 1949 / 2nd quarter 1950

1st turret at the ship / 4th quarter 1950 / 4nd quarter 1951

Main armament completed on board / 3rd quarter 1951 / 3rd quarter 1952

The armament for the second ship is three months behind the first throughout.

Any postponement of the decision to develop a 15‘’ design would entail a corresponding increase in the delay of the 15‘’ behind the 16‘’，whose development is already proceeding. e.g. ，if the decision were withheld until December 1945，the main armament for the ships would be 18 months behind present estimates for the 16‘’ turrets.It is difficult，without further research，to estimate the output from a 15‘’ quadruple turret，but it is considered that the 15‘‘ loading interval would be a few seconds longer than that for the 16‘’ triple design （whose present target is 20 seconds）. This consideration is based on the more difficult problem of supplying from the magazine either：

（1）24，as opposed to 18，one sixth charges or （2）16 heavier 15‘’ quarter charges if such were adopted.

In the 16‘’ turret this problem of magazine supply appears likely to be the bottleneck in the output from the turret.

As a very rough first estimate，D.N.C. thinks that the effect on the battleship proposed by Admiral Servaes‘ committee of substituting 15’‘ quadruple mountings for 16’‘ triples would be：

（1）Increase standard displacement from 45000 tons to 47000 tons.

（2）Increase displacement（deep） from 54000 tons to 57000 tons.

（3）A probable increase in length to near the limit of 850 feet.

controller

提交

1. 据估计，如果现在决定准备设计15英寸四炮塔，那么这两艘战列舰的完工将会延迟12个月。

2. 我昨天口头上给你的15-18个月的估计是基于对情况的快速调查，后来发现一门新的15英寸火炮的设计比预期的更迅速‬，因此安装所需的细节将比预期的更早。12个月的期限与塞韦埃斯上将开始调查时给予他的期限相同。

3.第一艘船主要武器装备完成的三个显著特征的最早日期比较如下。

现16英寸‬设计/新15英寸‬设计

建造‬第一个炮塔/ 1949年第二季度/ 1950年第二季度

安装‬第一个炮塔/ 1950年第四季度/ 1951年第四季度

主要武器装备在船上完成/ 1951年第三季度/ 1952年第三季度

第二艘的武器装备比第一艘晚了三个月。

4. 开发15英寸‬设计的决定的任何推迟都将导致在16英寸‬之后的15英寸‬相应推迟，而16英寸‬的开发已经在进行中。例如，如果决定推迟到1945年12月，舰艇的主要武器装备将比目前估计的16英寸‬炮塔晚18个月。

5. 在没有进一步研究的情况下，很难估计15英寸四联装炮塔的输出，但人们认为15英寸的装填间隔会比16英寸三联装设计的装填间隔长几秒(目前的目标是20秒)。这一考虑是基于从弹药舱‬中供应更困难的问题:

(1)24，而不是18，投射量‬六分之一的弹重或(2)16更重的15英寸‬四分之一的弹重，如果采用这些。（笔者‬注：这段‬机翻‬我实在看不下去了‬，简单解释一下‬，24和‬18指的‬应当是‬使用‬四联装和‬三联装炮塔‬每分钟‬发射的炮弹数量‬，即‬8*3和‬6*3。后面‬的‬16英寸‬炮弹‬弹‬重‬按照‬15英寸炮弹‬估算‬大约为‬1025kg，即‬重‬六分之一‬，或‬1099kg；即‬四分之一‬，似乎就是‬其他‬资料中‬常有提到的‬所谓‬“超重弹‬”）

在16英寸‬炮塔中，弹药‬‬供应的问题似乎是炮塔输出的瓶颈。

6. 粗略估计，D.N.C.认为塞韦埃斯海军上将的委员会提出的用15英寸‬四联装炮塔‬代替16英寸‬三联装炮塔‬的建议对战列舰的影响是:

(1)标准排水量由45000吨增加到47000吨。

(2)满载‬排水量从54000吨增加到57000吨。

(3)长度可能增加到接近850英尺的极限。

16英寸和15英寸炮穿深表

图很直观不作翻译

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写得也很清楚不作翻译

45狮方案X3性能数据

就这么几个字自己看吧

/ New Battleship Design（X3）/ page55

D.N.C. has instructed me to prepare a sketch design for a capital ship to the following general characteristics which have been recommended by Admiral Servaes‘ committee：

Main Armament：Six 16-in guns in two triple turrets mounted forward.

Secondary Armament：Twenty-four（if possible） or twenty 4.5‘’ HA/LA in twin turrets.

Protection：Magazines 12.5‘’ belt - 6‘’ deck machinery spaces 11.5‘’ belt - 4‘’ deck.

Underwater：Protection and sub-division to be arranged to withstand immobilisation up to two severe underwater explosions，near misses from heavy bombs and hits from “Uncle Tom” type weapons.

Speed：Minimum 29 knots（deep and clean）.

Endurance：As much as possible，minimum 6000 miles at 20 knots.

The ship should，in any case，come within the following limits of size：

Length：850-ft.

Beam：115-ft.

Deep draught：34-ft.

The above clause on underwater protection is very indefinite，as it does not state the size of the weapon to be protected against. Also it is impracticable to arrange the machinery so that two “placed”hits will not totally immobilise the ship. For the first sketch design please work to the type of midship section we have already considered for design X. Later we can consider weather the underwater protection can be improved within the limits of size laid down.

controller has requested that the effect of minimizing the speed，deep and clean，to （a）30knots. （b）31knots，he investigated also，other boats being unallied.

D.N.C.指示我准备一份主力舰的设计草图，按照塞韦埃斯上将委员会的建议，要具备以下基本特征:

主要武器:6门16英寸炮，安装在两个三联装‬炮塔上。

次要武器:24(如果可能)或20门‬4.5英寸‬高平两用‬双联装‬副炮‬。

防护‬:弹药舱‬12.5 英寸‬主装‬- 6 英寸甲板‬‬，动力舱‬11.5 英寸‬主装‬- 4 英寸‬甲板。

水下:保护和分区的布置可以承受两次严重的水下爆炸，重型炸弹的近‬失弹‬和“汤姆叔叔”型武器的命中。

航速:最低29节(满载‬且床底‬干净)。

续航力:尽可能多，以20节航速至少航行6000英里。

在任何情况下，船舶的尺寸都应在以下限制范围内:

长度:850英尺。

宽‬:115英尺。

满载吃水‬:34英尺。

上面关于水下保护的条款是非常不明确的，因为它没有说明要保护的武器的大小。此外，要安排动力装置‬，使两次爆炸‬不会完全使船舶无法移动，这是不切实际的。对于第一个草图设计，请按照我们在x设计中已经考虑过的船中截面的类型进行设计。之后，我们可以考虑是否可以在规定的尺寸范围内改进水下保护。

管制员已要求将速度、深度和干净的效果降至(a)30节。(b)31节，他也调查了，其他非盟友船舶。

上文提到的X3方案设计草图

不作翻译

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‬结语

恭喜你坚持到现在并看完了全部21页资料，再次为糟糕的机翻致歉。如有机会笔者会将其修正以后重新发布。正如你所看到的，这部分内容甚至可以说颇为枯燥，很大程度上就是瑟维斯、D.N.C、D.N.O.等几个人互相扯皮。但绝大部分工作的常态也正是如此。通过这部分资料，你已经对狮45有了较为全面的认识，有足够的知识储备进入下一阶段的工作。不过笔者还请读者注意的是，上述资料其实有相当大的历史局限性，英国以外战列舰的数据并不完全准确，务必仔细辨别。

最后再求个转发、点赞、收藏三连，感谢读者们的支持。对相关内容感兴趣的朋友可以点点关注，查看我的更多文章。